Problem: after installing linux kernel 4.11.1, the dkms package of the nvidia driver does not compile. You find some cryptic error message about ./Kbuild in /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/375.39/build/make.log
Solution: I uninstalled the debian nvidia package and installed the newer driver from the NVidia homepage:
aptitude remove nvidia-installer-cleanup ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-375.66.run
After this upgrade nvidia and linux 4.11.1 works again
Versions: before upgrade jessie backport of nvidia-driver 375.39, after upgarde nvidia-dirver from nvidia homepage 375.66